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// *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                                                                             *
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package org.apache.juneau.internal;

import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ThrowableUtils.*;

import java.lang.reflect.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;
import org.apache.juneau.swap.*;

/**
 * Utility class for efficiently converting objects between types.
 *
 * <p>
 * If the value isn't an instance of the specified type, then converts the value if possible.
 *
 * <p>
 * The following conversions are valid:
 * <table class='styled'>
 * 	<tr><th>Convert to type</th><th>Valid input value types</th><th>Notes</th></tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			A class that is the normal type of a registered {@link ObjectSwap}.
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			A value whose class matches the transformed type of that registered {@link ObjectSwap}.
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			A class that is the transformed type of a registered {@link ObjectSwap}.
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			A value whose class matches the normal type of that registered {@link ObjectSwap}.
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			{@code Number} (e.g. {@code Integer}, {@code Short}, {@code Float},...)
 * 			<br><code>Number.<jsf>TYPE</jsf></code> (e.g. <code>Integer.<jsf>TYPE</jsf></code>,
 * 			<code>Short.<jsf>TYPE</jsf></code>, <code>Float.<jsf>TYPE</jsf></code>,...)
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			{@code Number}, {@code String}, <jk>null</jk>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			For primitive {@code TYPES}, <jk>null</jk> returns the JVM default value for that type.
 * 		</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			{@code Map} (e.g. {@code Map}, {@code HashMap}, {@code TreeMap}, {@code JsonMap})
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			{@code Map}
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			If {@code Map} is not constructible, an {@code JsonMap} is created.
 * 		</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>Collection</c> (e.g. <c>List</c>, <c>LinkedList</c>, <c>HashSet</c>, <c>JsonList</c>)
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>Collection&lt;Object&gt;</c>
 * 			<br><c>Object[]</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			If <c>Collection</c> is not constructible, a <c>JsonList</c> is created.
 * 		</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>X[]</c> (array of any type X)
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>List&lt;X&gt;</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>X[][]</c> (multi-dimensional arrays)
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>List&lt;List&lt;X&gt;&gt;</c>
 * 			<br><c>List&lt;X[]&gt;</c>
 * 			<br><c> List[]&lt;X&gt;</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>Enum</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>String</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			Bean
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>Map</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>&nbsp;</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>String</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			Anything
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			Arrays are converted to JSON arrays
 * 		</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * 	<tr>
 * 		<td>
 * 			Anything with one of the following methods:
 * 			<br><code><jk>public static</jk> T fromString(String)</code>
 * 			<br><code><jk>public static</jk> T valueOf(String)</code>
 * 			<br><code><jk>public</jk> T(String)</code>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<c>String</c>
 * 		</td>
 * 		<td>
 * 			<br>
 * 		</td>
 * 	</tr>
 * </table>
 *
 * <ul class='seealso'>
 * 	<li class='extlink'>{@source}
 * </ul>
 */
public final class ConverterUtils {

	// Session objects are usually not thread safe, but we're not using any feature
	// of bean sessions that would cause thread safety issues.
	private static final BeanSession session = BeanContext.DEFAULT_SESSION;

	/**
	 * Converts the specified object to the specified type.
	 *
	 * @param <T> The class type to convert the value to.
	 * @param value The value to convert.
	 * @param type The class type to convert the value to.
	 * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If the specified value cannot be converted to the specified type.
	 * @return The converted value.
	 */
	public static <T> T toType(Object value, Class<T> type) {
		return session.convertToType(value, type);
	}


	/**
	 * Converts the specified object to the specified type.
	 *
	 * @param <T> The class type to convert the value to.
	 * @param value The value to convert.
	 * @param type The class type to convert the value to.
	 * @param args The type arguments.
	 * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If the specified value cannot be converted to the specified type.
	 * @return The converted value.
	 */
	public static <T> T toType(Object value, Class<T> type, Type...args) {
		return session.convertToType(value, type, args);
	}

	/**
	 * Converts an object to a Boolean.
	 *
	 * @param o The object to convert.
	 * @return The converted object.
	 */
	public static Boolean toBoolean(Object o) {
		return toType(o, Boolean.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Converts an object to an Integer.
	 *
	 * @param o The object to convert.
	 * @return The converted object.
	 */
	public static Integer toInteger(Object o) {
		return toType(o, Integer.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Converts an object to a Number.
	 *
	 * @param o The object to convert.
	 * @return The converted object.
	 */
	public static Number toNumber(Object o) {
		if (o == null)
			return null;
		if (o instanceof Number)
			return (Number)o;
		try {
			return StringUtils.parseNumber(o.toString(), null);
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			throw runtimeException(e);
		}
	}
}
